Closing questions

What is title insurance?

Title insurance covers defects in a property's past: old liens, recording errors, forged deeds, undisclosed heirs. How the coverage works in New York.

What is title insurance?

Quick Answer

Title insurance is a one-time policy that protects you against defects in a property's past: unsatisfied mortgages, judgment liens, recording errors, forged deeds, undisclosed heirs, boundary conflicts. Homeowner's insurance covers future events. Title insurance covers things that already happened before you took title and were never caught.

Every New York deed carries the mistakes of the owners who came before it. A mortgage paid off in 2009 whose satisfaction was never recorded. A judgment docketed against a prior owner who happens to share a name with a stranger. A deed signed by one heir when three of them had to sign.

The title search is meant to find those problems. The policy handles the ones a search cannot find, and the cost of defending your ownership if someone raises a claim years later. You pay the premium once at closing. There are no renewals and no monthly charge.

Coverage is not unlimited. Schedule B of the policy lists exceptions, and anything on that list sits outside the coverage. Standard exceptions in New York include matters an accurate survey would show, tenants in possession, and municipal charges that have not yet become liens. Your attorney should read Schedule B before you close, not after.

New York premiums come from a single rate manual that TIRSA files and the Department of Financial Services approves, so the number depends on the insured amount and the type of policy rather than on which agent issues it. Compare service and turnaround, not price.

Is title insurance the same as homeowner's insurance?

No. Homeowner's insurance covers events that happen after you buy: fire, water damage, theft. Title insurance covers events that already happened before you bought, and were missed or could not be found in the public record. One insures the building, the other insures your ownership of it.

How long does an owner's policy last?

For as long as you hold title, and it continues to protect your heirs and anyone who takes the property by will or intestacy after you. It does not transfer to a buyer when you sell. The buyer takes a new policy, though a prior policy can qualify the deal for a reissue rate.

What else should you read before closing?

In the glossary

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